The man’s voice was rich and confident — he sounded like someone accustomed to speaking with authority — but there was worry in it, some sadness running like a quiet creek alongside his words.

He was calling to talk about his son, who had been arrested on drug charges, found guilty, and sentenced to eighteen months. It was a harsh sentence, and he feared for his son’s safety. Harassed by other prisoners, as well as by guards, his son was vulnerable, and the father knew it. “He’s just a white, middle-class kid,” he said, aware that the same credentials that get you into college or a country club may merely make life more difficult behind bars, among blacks and Hispanics hostile to whites, to privilege, to a system that discriminated against them from the start.